Pitch: Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a sound. It is determined by the frequency of a sound wave. Pitch can be measured in hertz (Hz) and can vary from the deepest bass to the highest treble. In music, pitch is used to create melody and harmony. Rhythm: Rhythm refers to the pattern of beats in a piece of music. It is determined by the length and accentuation of notes and rests. Rhythm creates the sense of movement and flow in music and can be simple or complex. It can also be used to create a sense of tension and release. Timbre: Timbre refers to the unique "color" or "tone" of a sound. It is determined by the harmonic content of a sound. Timbre is what allows us to distinguish between different instruments and voices. For example, a guitar and a piano may play the same note at the same pitch, but they will sound different due to their distinct timbres. Dynamics: Dynamics refers to the loudness or softness of a sound. It can change throughout a piece of music. Dynamics add expression and emotion to music, and can be used to create a sense of contrast and tension. Form: Form refers to the structure of a piece of music. It can be simple or complex, and can take many forms such as binary, ternary, or sonata. Form provides a sense of direction and organization to a piece of music, and can also be used to create contrast and surprise.