Infertility can be a challenging and emotional experience for many women and couples aspiring to start a family. Defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, infertility affects millions worldwide. Fortunately, advances in reproductive medicine, such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF), have made parenthood possible for many. Understanding the common causes of infertility in women is the first step toward seeking the right treatment and achieving the dream of parenthood.